Van eg(g)y(?) régi magyar szavunk, amely megvan a legtöbb türök nyelvben is.
Mi másra gondolhatna a magyar, minthogy ez az ős- vagy ó-magyarból való átvétel a türökökben… No persze a mai fősodratú nyelvtudomány csakis ellentett irányú átvétel képzetére képes. Minden esetre közös e szavunk : csanak ! Helyesebben, torok-kával csanaq ! (Sz.) Minthogy az elölebb képzett szájpad-ká (Sz.) meg a hátulabb képzett torok-ká (Sz.) a(z a) latin betűkkel is lejegyezhető(en a) q alakjában megkülönböztethető, így magam meg is különböztetem !
CSANAK [cânâk] ‘(ezüst) kupa (1367), wooden ladle, earthenware bowl (1792/1808)’
Legrégebbi ismert adatolása a magyarból 1235-ben Chonuk-ként írva [Conuk or Cânuk] Csonuk hellynév, majd 1344-ben már Chanak alakban [Cânâk] Csanak hellynév. Korábbi kétes helynévi adata is ösmert 1209-ből Sonok alakban [sânâk or cânâk], talán Sonok vagy Csonok-ként értelmezhető.
1367 chanak [Cânâk], 1838 csanyak [Cânâk] | cânâk < *canak <— WOT *canak | EOT canak ‘a wooden cone, a bowl’ < can {with suff +Ak}, cf. Ch ^ zhân ‘a jade cup’. OT canaq ‘ecuelle, bol’ (UHamTouHou), canaq ‘a turned piece of wood’ such as a salt-container, Og canaq ‘wooden bowl’ (AK); MT can ‘Becher’ (<— Ch), cacan ‘Teetasse’ (<— Ch) (UCivWP 03:10), canaq ‘goblet’ (ABF), canaq ‘plate, cup’ (AGul), canaq ‘kadeh, bardak’ (AHMA), canaq ‘misa, talerz, naczynie’ (AHS), canaq (j-) ‘Caska, bljudo, sosud’ (AHSF), canaq ‘Casa, kubok’ (AIM), canaq ‘topraktan aş kabı, çanak’ (AIMI), canak ‘çanak, kap, kâse’ (ANeh), canaq (j-) ‘Caska, bljudo, sosud’ (ANehF), canaq ‘bowl’ (ARbg), canaq ‘Casa’ (ATef), canaq (j-) ‘etrier’, canaq ‘plat, ecuelle’ (AChag), canaq ‘Caska, miska’ (AChagBud), canaq ‘eine ir- dene Schüssel, Schale, Napf, Terrine’, ? canaq ‘der Steigbügel’ (AChagR), , (AChagS), canaq, canag ‘kâsa (bowl)’ (AChagSC), canaq ‘tabak, toprak kap’ (AChagSS), ? canak ‘Steigbügel, Riemen, Seite des Sattels’, ? Janak ‘üzengi, zengi; Steigbügel’ (AChagSSK), canaq, Janaq ‘Steigbügel’, canaq ‘Schüssel, Schale, Hirnschale’ (AChagZ), cânâk (Canak) ‘Schale, Napf’ (LCCG), canaq ‘scutella’ (LCCI), canaq ‘çanak’ (AAH), canaq ‘çanak’ (AAHI), canaq ‘tasse, ecuelle’ (ADur), canaq ‘Schale’ (AHou), canaq (s-) ‘tânyer, csesze; Napf, Tasse’ (AKav), canaq (s-) ‘çanak’ (ATuhA), canax ‘coupe, gamelle, ecuelle’ (AmTr); NT Chuv -; NW can ‘kâd, nagyobb dezsa; Wanne, grössere Balge’ (TatB), canak ‘glaznaja orbita, glaznaja vpadina, koroboCka hlopka (otdel nye dol ki ee oboloCki), struCok bobovyh (napr. goroha), (Cujsk.) vertikal naja Cast’ mogil noj jamy (bez bokovogo uglublenija)’ (Kirg), sanaq ‘Caska’ (Kklp), sanaq ‘Caska’ (KklpB), canaq ‘miska, Caska’, canaq-cöl’mek ‘po- suda (kuhonnaja)’ (CrTat), canaq ‘eine irdene Schüssel, Schale, Napf, Terrine’ (Cr- TatR), canax ‘tarelka’ (KarT), canak ‘tarelka’ (KarH), canaq ‘tarelka, bljudo’ (KarSh), cenax ‘posuda, tarelka, bljudo’ (KarT); SW cânak ‘derevjannaja miska, Caska’ (Tkm), canag ‘mera sypuCih tel (okolo 5 kg), posuda, vmesCajusCaja 5 kg, (anat.) taz, derevjannaja miska, rakovina’ (Az), çanak ‘earthenware pot, (bot., anat.) calyx’ (Tt), çanak ‘glinjanaja Caska, miska, bljudo, bot. CaseCka (cvetka), anat. Casevidnaja polost’, CaseCka (poCeCnaja), vyemka, CaseCka (u nekotoryh arabskih bukv), geogr. kotlovina’ (TtB), canaq ‘eine irdene Schüssel, Schale, Napf, Terrine’ (TtR), çanak ‘üç okkalık bir çeşit hububat ölçüsü, dağ tepeleri üzerindeki çökük yerler, oyuklar’ (TtD), çanağ ‘çanak’, çanak ‘üç okkalık bir çeşit tahıl ölçeği, fincan, ağaçtan ve madenden yapılmış kap’ (TtD1), canak ‘miska’, canak-cölmek ‘posuda’ (Gag); Kh canaq ‘Schale’ (Kh <— Az), cânaq ‘Schleier, r: Schale’ (KhT); SE canâq ‘dol’kahlopkovoj koroboCki, mel niC- naja voronka, rakovina, rakuska’ (Uzb), canaq, conaq ‘a metal apparatus which is fastened at the mouth of the funnel through which the grain is poured onto the mill’ Türk Dilleri Kütüphanesi C S A N A K 223 (TurkiJ), canaq ‘a funnel-shaped feeder of a mill’ (TurkiSh), canaq ‘(v razn. znac.) ra- kovina, rakuska, Caska, voronka (propuskajusCaja zerno na mel niCnye zernova), (peren.) vpadina, orbita, glaznica, (anat.) Cerep, (peren.) Cerepaha’ (MUyg), ‘^inaq, ^inaq‘ ‘derevjannaja Caska’ (YUyg), cınaq ‘(Cajnaja) Caska’, cinaq ‘Caska (vydolblennaja iz dereva)’ (YUygM); NE -; Y can ‘oCen’ bol’soj kotel’ (Y ^ Rus). E/T The T etymon for the H word can hardly be a simplex, as declared by Clauson (1972: 425). It seems much likelier to be a der – as shown by Doerfer (1963-1975/3: 101-102) and Tekin (1997: 171), among others. According to Doerfer (1963-1975/3: 101-102), although many of of these words have different meanings, ‘Schneeschuhe, Schlitten’, ‘Steigbügel’ and ‘Becher, Schale’, they are interrelated. He thought that they all go back to an original meaning, ‘schalenartige Mulde’. The T word canak was more recently discussed by Erdal (1991: 40), who considered the base of the T word to be of Ch origin, zhan ‘a cup’, which is mentioned as chan by Clauson (1972: 424), citing Giles (cf. Râsânen 1969: 98). Among the T material, one can only find the Ch origin base word, can, in certain sources (UHeilk I, UHeilk II). T cam ‘bassin, bol, coupe’ (UHy, for further data, see Ligeti 1966b: 150 and Râsânen 1969: 123), AHSF cam, Jam ‘Casa, bokal: kubok’, Ott Jam ‘Glas, Glasscheibe’ etc. <— Pe Jam ‘coupe â boire, miroir’, cam (j-) ‘bokal, Casa, kubok’ (AM) do not per- tain here. See also in this category camıyak ‘berestjanaja CerpaloCka dlja jaCmenja’ (Alt), a compound whose second element is T ayak ‘cup, bowl’. Some T words with the shapes cam and Jam, which signify ‘bokal, Casa’, are also mentioned by Egorov (1964: 319), who erroneously connected them with Chuv cam ‘(ust.) starinnyj derevjannyj ili mednyj sosud dljapiva’; cf. ChuvP cam ‘ketfülû, fâbol, onbol vagy plehbol kesz^tett csorös korso, melyben ünnep alkalmâval sört hoznak az asztalra; eine Art Bierkrug’. Paasonen suggested early on that the Chuv word is of Pe origin, as did Fedotov (1996/2: 401). Râsânen’s suggestion (1969: 111) that T canak represents an earlier compound cın ayak and Doerfer’s view (Doerfer 1967a: 290) that canak may be etymologically connected to cana (cf. szân^ in § 8.1) are unacceptable. The T data ‘^inak ‘derevjannaja Caska’ (YUyg), cınak ‘(Cajnaja) Caska’, cinak ‘Caska (vydolblennaja iz dereva)’ (YUygM) seem, however, to be under the influence of the compound cın ayak ‘Chi- nese cup’. The T word was copied into MMo as canaka ‘bowl’ (cf. Poppe 1927-1928: 1237 and SCerbak 1997: 112). Mo sinaga ‘ladle, dipper, scoop’ does not belong here. E/H The H word was already considered by Vâmbery (1870: 135) to be of T origin, however, according to him it is an Ott lw. Gombocz-Melich (1914-1944/1: 840) pointed out that csanak was borrowed into H many times fr different T lgs. The H da- tum fr 1367 can be regarded – because of its chronology – as a Cum lw, and this form could have been strengthened by another later borrowing during the Ott period. In Türk Dilleri Kütüphanesi 224 C S A T A this case one cannot rule out the possibility that the word csanak came into H via Serb or Rom mediation in certain areas. Nemeth (1921: 25) listed the H word among the so-called “Kabar-Cumanian-Pecheneg” lws. According to Kniezsa (1955: 811), the H word is surely not of Sl origin. Benko (1967-1984/1: 476-477; 1993-1997/1: 189) and Ligeti (1986: 315-316) sharedthe opinion posited by Gombocz-Melich (1914-1944/1: 840) and regarded csanak as a Cum lw, which was once more borrowed during the Ott period. It is worth noting that csanak, like csâkâny, does not show the sound change a > a.
Vámbéry 1870: 135, 187; Gombocz-Melich 1914-1944/1: 840; Nemeth 1921: 25; Poppe 1927-1928: 1237; Kniezsa 1955: 811; Doerfer 1963-1975/3: 101-102; Egorov 1964: 319; Ligeti 1966b: 150; Doerfer 1967a: 290; Benko 1967-1984/1: 476-477; Râsânen 1969: 98, 111, 123; Clauson 1972: 424, 425; Ligeti 1986: 89, 315316, 542; Erdal 1991: 40; Benko 1993-1997/1: 189; Fedotov 1996/2: 401; Scerbak 1997: 112; Tekin 1997: 171; Tietze 2002: 472.
Érdekes áthallás a csámasz szavunk ‘sajka’ alak-jellege is …
Forrásaim :
Róna-Tas andrás – Berta Árpád – Károly László : WEST OLD TURKIC – Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian Part I. (A-K) Turcologia Herausgeben von Lars Johanson (Band 84) Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2011 (222-3-4.o.)
Bálint Sándor : Szegedi szótár (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1957)
Nyáry Szabó László : Szögedi szótár (Torontál Kiadó, Szeged, eggyelőre digitális „kéz”- ill. „gép”-ıratban)
Új Magyar Tájszótár I. kötet 570. o. (Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1988 ?) – Főszerkesztő : B. LŐRINCZY ÉVA
Nyáry Szabó László : Szabó-szótár / ideolektusom (mind-máig digitális „kéz”- ill. „gép”-ıratban)
(Sz.) : Számozatlan, forrásolatlan szójavallataim
A nemzetiség az állammal nem rendelkező nemzet. (Sz.)